Difference between revisions of "Socket 5 / 7 / Super-7 Motherboards"

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== Socket 5 ==
 
== Socket 5 ==
Socket 5 was the successor to Socket 4. Socket 5 used 3.3V for the processor instead of the 5V that Socket 4 used, resulting in a much lower power dissipation. This is good, as this will decrease the amount of heat (remember that AT cases had very poor ventilation) that the CPU will produce.
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[[File:Socket5.jpg|200px|thumb||Socket 5]]
Socket 5 used 32-bit FPM or EDO memory modules and they usually had to be installed in pairs. Supported FSB's were usually 50MHz, 55MHz, 60MHz and 66MHz.
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Socket 5 was developed for the Pentium "P54C" CPU that operated at 3.3v instead of the original P5's 5.0v. This was a die shrink revision of the Pentium and operated at 75-120MHz with a bus speed of 50MHz, 60MHz or 66MHz.
Usually Socket 5 supports Pentium CPU's of 75MHz to around 133MHz, Winchip (though not all Socket 5 boards will be compatible with Winchip CPU's) and Pentium Overdrive. This makes them somewhat more flexible then Socket 4, but not as flexible as Socket 7 or Super 7 and as Socket 7 and Super 7 are much more common, Socket 5 is a lesser option when looking at flexibility from a CPU perspective.
+
Though Pentium MMX CPU's are not officially supported (as they run on a slightly lower 2.9V), Pentium MMX CPU's may run just fine at 3.3V.
+
  
No Socket 5 ATX boards are known to exist. No Socket 5 boards with AGP are known to exist. Usually Socket 5 boards had PCI and ISA slots, though 1 or 2 VLB Socket 5 motherboards may have been made.
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There are several CPUs from companies other than Intel available for Socket 5. The [[Centaur CPUs|Centaur/IDT Winchip]] and the [[AMD CPUs|AMD K5]] are perhaps most well known. There are also several [[Intel CPUs|Intel]] Pentium Overdrive CPUs that were produced to match Socket 5 options to later Socket 7 CPU clock speeds.
  
Socket 5 was very short lived and was quickly replaced by the much more well known Socket 7
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Socket 5 motherboards are built to the AT specification, and typically use PCI and ISA slots.  Some with OPTi chipsets have VLB slots as well, and some have onboard audio or video.
  
== Socket 7 ==
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=== Chipsets ===
  
 +
==== Intel ====
 +
*'''430NX "Neptune"''' - SMP, PCI 2.0, FPM DRAM, Asynchronous cache. 512 MB cacheable RAM limit. 512 MB max RAM.  Some boards use IDE controller chips with known bugs, like CMD640.
 +
*'''430FX "Triton"''' - 16 MB/s DMA IDE, PCI 2.0, FPM/EDO DRAM, and pipeline burst synchronous cache options. 64 MB cacheable RAM limit. 128 MB max RAM.
 +
 +
==== OPTi ====
 +
*'''OPTi Viper'''
 +
 +
==== SiS ====
 +
*'''SiS 501/502/503''' - PCI, ISA, FPM/EDO DRAM
 +
*'''SiS 5501/5502/5503''' - ISA, PCI, FPM/EDO DRAM
 +
 +
==== UMC ====
 +
*'''UM8891''' - PCI, ISA, FPM(/EDO?) DRAM, Asynchronous cache. Memory controller is 32b wide (486-vintage), severely hampering performance.
 +
 +
== Socket 7 ==
 
[[File:ATC-5030_430TX.jpg|200px|thumb||Socket 7 Motherboard]]
 
[[File:ATC-5030_430TX.jpg|200px|thumb||Socket 7 Motherboard]]
  
Socket 7 was originally created by Intel as a successor to Socket 5, though many different manufacturers have created compatible CPU's for Socket 7.
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Socket 7 brings optional "split-rail" voltage support, which is required for CPUs that use a core voltage different than 3.3v IO. Initially the socket was used with "P54C" Pentium CPUs that went to 200 MHz (motherboards from this period typically do not support split rail CPUs), and later the Pentium MMX "P55C" that went to 233 MHz. Socket 7 boards typically support 60 and 66 MHz bus speeds, but many motherboards allow a wider range to support some non-Intel CPUs. Alternative CPUs include products from [[Cyrix CPUs|Cyrix/IBM]], AMD, Rise and IDT/Centaur.
Socket 7 was the first CPU socket to support a split rail for it's CPU's. Also Socket 7 motherboards featured a higher maximum CPU speed compared to Socket 5.
+
Even though Socket 7 usually ran from 75MHz to 233MHz,some motherboard manufacturers created motherboards that were able to run chips at speeds of up to 400MHz (and higher when overclocking the FSB). Socket 7 motherboards were again fitted with memory slots for FPM or EDO RAM, though some of the later ones were fitted with slots for SDRAM (though the earliest known Socket 7 boards with support for SDRAM only supported memory modules to a maximum of 32MB when the memory module is dual sided. Running a higher density module will usually result in half or three quarters of the memory not being seen by the motherboard). Usually EDO and FPM could be mixed (as long as the EDO and the FPM modules are installed in pairs), but EDO and FPM could not be mixed with SDRAM usually.
+
  
Socket 7 also supported a small variety of FSB's, ranging from 50MHz all the way to 83MHz, though what FSB's are supported depends on the motherboard itself. Usually Socket 7 motherboards had 4 settings for setting the FSB. 66MHz was the highest officially supported FSB by the vast majority of Socket 7 motherboards, though later motherboard manufacturers often officially supported higher FSB's like 75MHz and 83MHz (even though quite often this did in fact overclock the chipset).
+
Socket 7 motherboards are available in AT and ATX form factor. They have PCI and ISA slots. Some have extra onboard components like audio and video.
  
A large variety of CPU's is supported by Socket 7, ranging from Intel to AMD, Rise, Winchip and Cyrix. Only Super 7 provided even more flexibility.
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=== Chipsets ===
 +
==== Intel ====
 +
*'''430HX "Triton II"''' - 16 MB/s BM-DMA IDE, SMP, PCI 2.1, USB 1.0, FPM/EDO DRAM and pipeline burst synchronous cache options. Supports either 64 MB or 512 MB cacheable RAM. 512 MB RAM max.
 +
*'''430VX "Triton II"''' - also unofficially known as "Triton III", 16 MB/s BM-DMA IDE, PCI 2.1, USB 1.0, FPM/EDO DRAM, 2clk SDRAM and pipeline burst synchronous cache options. 64 MB cacheable limit. 128 MB max RAM. Slightly slower than 430HX.
 +
*'''430TX''' - 33 MB/s UDMA IDE, PCI 2.1, USB 1.0, ACPI, FPM/EDO DRAM, 2clk SDRAM, and pipeline burst synchronous cache options. 64 MB cacheable limit. 256 MB max RAM (official) / 512MB (unofficial, with 16Mx8 chips on 2 double-sided DIMMs)
  
Most of the time Socket 7 boards are AT form factor (or propriety). Sometimes they come in ATX form factor. The vast majority sport PCI and ISA slots (only a few had AGP).
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==== VIA ====
 +
 
 +
* '''VIA Apollo Master (570M)''' - FPM/EDO DRAM
 +
* '''VIA Apollo VP-1 580VP (585VP/587/586A)''' - FPM/BEDO/EDO DRAM, SDRAM, max. 512 MB, 50/60/66 MHz FSB, USB 1.0, 16 MB/s DMA IDE
 +
* '''VIA Apollo VPX/97 580VPX (585VPX/587/586B)''' - FPM/EDO DRAM, SDRAM, max. 512 Mb
 +
* '''VIA Apollo VP-2 590VP (595/586A)''' - FPM/EDO DRAM, SDRAM, max. 512 Mb
 +
* '''VIA Apollo VP2/97 590VP (595/586B)''' - bug fix?
 +
* '''VIA Apollo VP3 597''' - FPM/EDO DRAM, SDRAM, max. 1 Gb, AGP 1.0
 +
 
 +
==== SIS ====
 +
 
 +
* '''SiS 5511/5512/5513''' - ISA, PCI 2.0, FPM/EDO DRAM, 16MB/s PIO4 IDE, 66MHz FSB support. Supports UMA (shared memory between CPU and VGA controller) with a separate optional SiS 620x VGA chip on the motherboard.
 +
* '''SiS 5571 "Trinity"''' ISA, PCI 2.0, FPM/EDO DRAM, 16MB/s PIO4 IDE, 75MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: 64MB. Maximum RAM: 384MB
 +
* '''SiS 5581/5582 "Jessie" ''' ISA, PCI 2.1, FPM/EDO/SDRAM, UDMA-33 IDE, 83MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: 128MB. Maximum RAM: 384MB
 +
* '''SiS 5591/5595 "David"''' ISA, PCI 2.1, AGP, FPM/EDO/SDRAM, UDMA-33 IDE, 95MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: 256MB. Maximum RAM: 768MB
 +
* '''SiS 5596/5513 "Genesis"''' ISA, PCI 2.0, FPM/EDO DRAM, 16MB/s PIO4 IDE, integrated SiS 620x PCI core via UMA, 75MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: 64MB. Maximum RAM: 384MB
 +
* '''SiS 5598/5597 "Jedi"''' - ISA, PCI 2.1, FPM/EDO/SDRAM, UDMA-33 IDE, integrated SiS 6326 PCI core via UMA, 75MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: 128MB. Maximum RAM: 384MB
 +
* '''SiS 530 + SiS 5595''' - ISA, PCI 2.2, FPM/EDO/SDRAM, UDMA-66 IDE, integrated SiS 6326 AGP core via UMA, 100MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: ?. Maximum RAM: 768MB
 +
* '''SiS 540''' - ISA, PCI 2.2, FPM/EDO/SDRAM, UDMA-66 IDE, integrated SiS 305 AGP core via UMA, 100MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: ?. Maximum RAM: 768MB
 +
 
 +
==== ALI ====
 +
 
 +
* '''M1451/M1449'''
 +
* '''M1521/M1523 / ALADDiN III''' -
 +
* '''M1531/M1543 / ALADDiN IV''' -
 +
* '''M1531B/M1543 / ALADDiN IV+''' - FSB max. 83 MHz
 +
* '''M1541/M1542 / ALADDiN V''' -
 +
* '''M1561/M1535D / ALADDiN 7''' - 66,100 MHz FSB, USB 1.0, UDMA2, SDRAM max. 1GB
 +
 
 +
==== OPTi ====
 +
* '''OPTi 82C750 "Vendetta"'''
 +
* '''OPTi "Viper Xpress+"'''
 +
 
 +
==== VLSI ====
 +
* '''VLSI "Lynx" 541/543'''
 +
 
 +
==== ETEQ ====
 +
ETEQ chipsets are Via chipset relabeled by motherboard manufacturer Soyo.
 +
* '''Eteq 6618''' relabeled Via VPX
 +
* '''Eteq 6628''' relabeled Via VP3
 +
* '''Eteq 6638''' relabeled Via MVP3
 +
 
 +
==== AMD ====
 +
* '''AMD-640 (640/645)''' relabeled Via VP2
 +
 
 +
==== PCChips ====
 +
* PCChips didn't produce any of their own chipsets, but relabled those from SiS, ALi etc.
  
 
== Super Socket 7 ==
 
== Super Socket 7 ==
Super Socket 7 (or Super 7 for short) is basically the same as Socket 7, except in that it officially supports a 100MHz FSB. As Intel left Socket 7 for it's Slot 1 solution, Intel's competitors were left with an aging platform.
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Super Socket 7 is an AMD creation. They modernized the Socket 7 platform with AGP and 100 MHz bus support for their K6-2 processor. Intel was not involved with this nor did they produce CPUs specifically for it. 
 +
 
 +
Chipsets were produced by ALI, VIA and SiS. The boards come in AT and ATX form factors and usually have AGP, PCI and ISA. Some boards use integrated graphics and forgo the AGP slot. Usually Super Socket 7 boards will come with sockets for SDRAM.
 +
 
 +
These solutions competed against Intel Celeron and Pentium II.
 +
 
 +
'''Today:'''Super Socket 7 (and to a lesser extend the ordinary Socket 7) is a very popular base for a retro computer build, not only for nostalgia reasons but also for it's great flexibility when it comes to CPUs. Basically any Socket 5 and Socket 7 CPU will be compatible with Super Socket 7. Not only was this the last (and fastest) platform available where both Intel CPUs (Pentium 1 MMX) and AMD CPUs (K5 and all K6 variants) were compatible with, but also some of the more obscure CPUs like [[Cyrix_CPUs|Cyrix 6x86 and MII]], [[Rise_CPUs|Rise mP6]] and the [[Centaur_CPUs|Winchip]] CPUs. Another big advantage is that usually CPUs for (Super) Socket 7 didn't have their multipliers unlocked, which adds even greater flexibility.
  
As Super 7 had no official support from Intel, no Super 7 Intel CPU's nor chipsets were made, this was left to it's competition.
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Many of the later Super 7 boards were made in ATX format instead of the older AT format which makes building a Super Socket 7 based retro rig a lot easier and as Socket 7, Super 7, Socket 370 and Socket A share the same CPU socket dimensions, many more modern CPU coolers are (in theory) compatible with Super 7 motherboards.
Overall, Super 7 provides great flexibility in CPU speed, ranging from around 100MHz to almost 600MHz (and higher when overclocking). Super 7 was also the last socket to make extensive use of jumpers for setting up the CPU multiplier, FSB and CPU voltage.
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Super 7 does often have AGP issues (be it either by software (because of instable drivers) or because of hardware (due to the AGP slot not being able to provide enough power to it's AGP graphics card)). This can be worked around by making use of a PCI graphics card. Also the software issues can be worked around by using an AGP 3DFX graphics card, as 3DFX graphics cards made less use of the features that AGP provided, it was thus also less prone to cause any issues.
+
  
Usually Super 7 comes in ATX formfactor, though AT Super 7 boards do exist. Usually they have an AGP 2x slot (no Super 7 motherboards with AGP 4x slot were ever made).
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Super 7 has some disadvantages though, mostly because of it's relatively lacking performance compared to contemporary Slot 1 counterparts. Many Super 7 boards will have lots of motherboard components directly around the CPU socket, making installation of a larger CPU cooler more difficult. Super 7 can also be quite tricky to setup, partly due to the many jumpers required to correctly setup the installed CPU and partly due to some motherboards requiring a BIOS update before certain newer components may work correctly (particularly support for larger harddrives and the K6+ CPUs). Another disadvantage is it's relatively lacking AGP support, which makes adding more modern AGP cards more of a challenge, though this isn't as much of an issue compared to Slot 1 based systems due to it's relative lack of performance compared to CPUs like Pentium 3. The AGP issues is one of the reasons why 3DFX cards are often seen as a good match for a Super 7 system, partially because cards like Voodoo 3 use fewer AGP features, which also means there are fewer things that can go wrong.
Even though Super 7 shares the same general dimentions with Socket 7 and Socket 5 on the lower spectrum and Socket 370 and Socket A on the higher spectrum, the fitting of a Socket 370 or Socket A CPU cooler will often not work as there are often motherboard components in the way of the larger CPU cooler, preventing it's installation.
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Revision as of 21:42, 1 February 2018

Socket 5

Socket 5

Socket 5 was developed for the Pentium "P54C" CPU that operated at 3.3v instead of the original P5's 5.0v. This was a die shrink revision of the Pentium and operated at 75-120MHz with a bus speed of 50MHz, 60MHz or 66MHz.

There are several CPUs from companies other than Intel available for Socket 5. The Centaur/IDT Winchip and the AMD K5 are perhaps most well known. There are also several Intel Pentium Overdrive CPUs that were produced to match Socket 5 options to later Socket 7 CPU clock speeds.

Socket 5 motherboards are built to the AT specification, and typically use PCI and ISA slots. Some with OPTi chipsets have VLB slots as well, and some have onboard audio or video.

Chipsets

Intel

  • 430NX "Neptune" - SMP, PCI 2.0, FPM DRAM, Asynchronous cache. 512 MB cacheable RAM limit. 512 MB max RAM. Some boards use IDE controller chips with known bugs, like CMD640.
  • 430FX "Triton" - 16 MB/s DMA IDE, PCI 2.0, FPM/EDO DRAM, and pipeline burst synchronous cache options. 64 MB cacheable RAM limit. 128 MB max RAM.

OPTi

  • OPTi Viper

SiS

  • SiS 501/502/503 - PCI, ISA, FPM/EDO DRAM
  • SiS 5501/5502/5503 - ISA, PCI, FPM/EDO DRAM

UMC

  • UM8891 - PCI, ISA, FPM(/EDO?) DRAM, Asynchronous cache. Memory controller is 32b wide (486-vintage), severely hampering performance.

Socket 7

Socket 7 Motherboard

Socket 7 brings optional "split-rail" voltage support, which is required for CPUs that use a core voltage different than 3.3v IO. Initially the socket was used with "P54C" Pentium CPUs that went to 200 MHz (motherboards from this period typically do not support split rail CPUs), and later the Pentium MMX "P55C" that went to 233 MHz. Socket 7 boards typically support 60 and 66 MHz bus speeds, but many motherboards allow a wider range to support some non-Intel CPUs. Alternative CPUs include products from Cyrix/IBM, AMD, Rise and IDT/Centaur.

Socket 7 motherboards are available in AT and ATX form factor. They have PCI and ISA slots. Some have extra onboard components like audio and video.

Chipsets

Intel

  • 430HX "Triton II" - 16 MB/s BM-DMA IDE, SMP, PCI 2.1, USB 1.0, FPM/EDO DRAM and pipeline burst synchronous cache options. Supports either 64 MB or 512 MB cacheable RAM. 512 MB RAM max.
  • 430VX "Triton II" - also unofficially known as "Triton III", 16 MB/s BM-DMA IDE, PCI 2.1, USB 1.0, FPM/EDO DRAM, 2clk SDRAM and pipeline burst synchronous cache options. 64 MB cacheable limit. 128 MB max RAM. Slightly slower than 430HX.
  • 430TX - 33 MB/s UDMA IDE, PCI 2.1, USB 1.0, ACPI, FPM/EDO DRAM, 2clk SDRAM, and pipeline burst synchronous cache options. 64 MB cacheable limit. 256 MB max RAM (official) / 512MB (unofficial, with 16Mx8 chips on 2 double-sided DIMMs)

VIA

  • VIA Apollo Master (570M) - FPM/EDO DRAM
  • VIA Apollo VP-1 580VP (585VP/587/586A) - FPM/BEDO/EDO DRAM, SDRAM, max. 512 MB, 50/60/66 MHz FSB, USB 1.0, 16 MB/s DMA IDE
  • VIA Apollo VPX/97 580VPX (585VPX/587/586B) - FPM/EDO DRAM, SDRAM, max. 512 Mb
  • VIA Apollo VP-2 590VP (595/586A) - FPM/EDO DRAM, SDRAM, max. 512 Mb
  • VIA Apollo VP2/97 590VP (595/586B) - bug fix?
  • VIA Apollo VP3 597 - FPM/EDO DRAM, SDRAM, max. 1 Gb, AGP 1.0

SIS

  • SiS 5511/5512/5513 - ISA, PCI 2.0, FPM/EDO DRAM, 16MB/s PIO4 IDE, 66MHz FSB support. Supports UMA (shared memory between CPU and VGA controller) with a separate optional SiS 620x VGA chip on the motherboard.
  • SiS 5571 "Trinity" ISA, PCI 2.0, FPM/EDO DRAM, 16MB/s PIO4 IDE, 75MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: 64MB. Maximum RAM: 384MB
  • SiS 5581/5582 "Jessie" ISA, PCI 2.1, FPM/EDO/SDRAM, UDMA-33 IDE, 83MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: 128MB. Maximum RAM: 384MB
  • SiS 5591/5595 "David" ISA, PCI 2.1, AGP, FPM/EDO/SDRAM, UDMA-33 IDE, 95MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: 256MB. Maximum RAM: 768MB
  • SiS 5596/5513 "Genesis" ISA, PCI 2.0, FPM/EDO DRAM, 16MB/s PIO4 IDE, integrated SiS 620x PCI core via UMA, 75MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: 64MB. Maximum RAM: 384MB
  • SiS 5598/5597 "Jedi" - ISA, PCI 2.1, FPM/EDO/SDRAM, UDMA-33 IDE, integrated SiS 6326 PCI core via UMA, 75MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: 128MB. Maximum RAM: 384MB
  • SiS 530 + SiS 5595 - ISA, PCI 2.2, FPM/EDO/SDRAM, UDMA-66 IDE, integrated SiS 6326 AGP core via UMA, 100MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: ?. Maximum RAM: 768MB
  • SiS 540 - ISA, PCI 2.2, FPM/EDO/SDRAM, UDMA-66 IDE, integrated SiS 305 AGP core via UMA, 100MHz FSB support. Maximum cacheable RAM: ?. Maximum RAM: 768MB

ALI

  • M1451/M1449
  • M1521/M1523 / ALADDiN III -
  • M1531/M1543 / ALADDiN IV -
  • M1531B/M1543 / ALADDiN IV+ - FSB max. 83 MHz
  • M1541/M1542 / ALADDiN V -
  • M1561/M1535D / ALADDiN 7 - 66,100 MHz FSB, USB 1.0, UDMA2, SDRAM max. 1GB

OPTi

  • OPTi 82C750 "Vendetta"
  • OPTi "Viper Xpress+"

VLSI

  • VLSI "Lynx" 541/543

ETEQ

ETEQ chipsets are Via chipset relabeled by motherboard manufacturer Soyo.

  • Eteq 6618 relabeled Via VPX
  • Eteq 6628 relabeled Via VP3
  • Eteq 6638 relabeled Via MVP3

AMD

  • AMD-640 (640/645) relabeled Via VP2

PCChips

  • PCChips didn't produce any of their own chipsets, but relabled those from SiS, ALi etc.

Super Socket 7

Super Socket 7 is an AMD creation. They modernized the Socket 7 platform with AGP and 100 MHz bus support for their K6-2 processor. Intel was not involved with this nor did they produce CPUs specifically for it.

Chipsets were produced by ALI, VIA and SiS. The boards come in AT and ATX form factors and usually have AGP, PCI and ISA. Some boards use integrated graphics and forgo the AGP slot. Usually Super Socket 7 boards will come with sockets for SDRAM.

These solutions competed against Intel Celeron and Pentium II.

Today:Super Socket 7 (and to a lesser extend the ordinary Socket 7) is a very popular base for a retro computer build, not only for nostalgia reasons but also for it's great flexibility when it comes to CPUs. Basically any Socket 5 and Socket 7 CPU will be compatible with Super Socket 7. Not only was this the last (and fastest) platform available where both Intel CPUs (Pentium 1 MMX) and AMD CPUs (K5 and all K6 variants) were compatible with, but also some of the more obscure CPUs like Cyrix 6x86 and MII, Rise mP6 and the Winchip CPUs. Another big advantage is that usually CPUs for (Super) Socket 7 didn't have their multipliers unlocked, which adds even greater flexibility.

Many of the later Super 7 boards were made in ATX format instead of the older AT format which makes building a Super Socket 7 based retro rig a lot easier and as Socket 7, Super 7, Socket 370 and Socket A share the same CPU socket dimensions, many more modern CPU coolers are (in theory) compatible with Super 7 motherboards.

Super 7 has some disadvantages though, mostly because of it's relatively lacking performance compared to contemporary Slot 1 counterparts. Many Super 7 boards will have lots of motherboard components directly around the CPU socket, making installation of a larger CPU cooler more difficult. Super 7 can also be quite tricky to setup, partly due to the many jumpers required to correctly setup the installed CPU and partly due to some motherboards requiring a BIOS update before certain newer components may work correctly (particularly support for larger harddrives and the K6+ CPUs). Another disadvantage is it's relatively lacking AGP support, which makes adding more modern AGP cards more of a challenge, though this isn't as much of an issue compared to Slot 1 based systems due to it's relative lack of performance compared to CPUs like Pentium 3. The AGP issues is one of the reasons why 3DFX cards are often seen as a good match for a Super 7 system, partially because cards like Voodoo 3 use fewer AGP features, which also means there are fewer things that can go wrong.